Bees and Wasps

Common Eastern Bumblebee

When people hear bumblebee, their first reaction is fear since their sting can be painful and unpleasant, and some people have an allergic reaction to their sting. Even though they can sting, they are one of the most beneficial animals in nature, improving our lives daily! Bumblebees have fur all over their bodies; these little hairs collect and trap pollen, which the bees carry from one plant to another. Little black hairs cover the head, abdomen, and legs. The thorax is yellow. Bees are pollinators, moving from plant to plant while searching for protein-rich nectar. The Common Eastern Bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) pollinates flowers and numerous fruit and vegetable crops. Bees form the foundation of the food chain for other species, including humans.
The Common Eastern Bumblebee is found throughout the east coast from Maine to Florida and west through Ohio. They fly near gardens, farms, and backyards in spring and summer. Their nests are located in woodlands and fields. Bumblebees are important food sources for other animals, such as birds, spiders, wasps, and small mammals.
Eastern Common Bumblebees are social insects living in colonies. Bumblebees have annual nests that can have about 300 to 500 individuals! Newly mated queen bees hibernate over winter, then emerge in early spring to search for a nest site. Worker bees develop first, followed by males and new queens at the end of summer. Worker bees, males, and the old queen die in the fall. Due to habitat loss, invasive species, parasites, and pesticides, pollinators worldwide are in decline.
Cool Fact! Bees with stingers are all females! They are the workers and queens. Males cannot sting and are called drones.
Another Cool Fact! Unfertilized eggs develop into males, and fertilized eggs develop into females.
Photo Credit: Dan Kon
Author: Destiny Alvarez – Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Oregon
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American Bumble Bee

American bumble bees (Bombus pensylvanicus) have been a common bee throughout the entire U.S., but the population has drastically declined within the past several decades. Its home range has also declined from widespread throughout North America to mostly limited to the southern United States. The primary suspect of this decline is a disease from imported European bumblebees. These imported bees were used to pollinate tomato plants.
American bumble bees nest on the surface of the ground. The queens overwinter and collect food for their first brood. These become workers and support the queen the next season. After she produces new queens, she dies, and those queens will spread to establish their colonies.
You can help American bumble bees by planting native plants such as goldenrod, St. John’s wort, mistflower, and ironweed.
Photo Credit: Ileana Rodriguez
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Southern Plains Bumblebee

Southern Plains Bumblebees, Bombus fraternus, are found from New Jersey south to Central Florida and from the eastern coast to the Rocky Mountains. Females are typically smaller than males with the exception of the queen. Males can be distinguished by the two bands across the abdomen. These bees are active from spring through fall. They feed on a variety of native flowers including goldenrod, blazing stars, milkweed, and flowers within the Asteraceae family.
Southern Plains Bumblebees are endangered. The greatest threat to this species is declining habitat. By adding native flowering plants to your landscape, you can help create a habitat for this declining species.
Photo credit: Aymee Laurain
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Common Long-Horned Bee

Common Long-Horned Bee (Melissodes communis)
Female Common long-horned bees build underground burrows where they nest. Males, shown in this photo, use broken stems or parts of plants to sleep at night. In this case, they are using the remains of a blanket flower (Gaillardia pulchella).
The bee on the far left can be seen curling his body on top of the stem, almost giving the seed head appearance. Before they sleep, you may observe the bees grooming, sometimes even doing handstands or other impressive movements as they clean all their little legs. Other times you may see them ramming each other to gain access to a branch.
While they may seem aggressive, the males typically are not bothered by the company of humans. This group wasn’t even phased by the camera lens less than a foot from them. Females, while a bit more agitated by human presence, rarely demonstrate aggression.
These busy little bees love a variety of flowering native plants, including and members of the Asteraceae family, dotted horsemint, tropical salvia, beautyberry, and wild coffee.
Do you have a favorite type of native bee? Let us know in the comments and share this post with your friends so they can learn more about this adorable species of native bees.
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Paper Wasp

Wasps get a bad rap. They sting, and they not as glamorous as a bee that makes honey.

Wasps matter a lot because they play an important role in a healthy environment. Paper Wasps (Polistes dominulus), also known as Umbrella Wasps, are predatory and are at the top of the invertebrate food chain. Along with other wasps, Paper Wasps protect lower invertebrate species and plants. They work as generalist pollinators, like bees, to move pollen from one plant to another.

Paper wasps are social and will create a nest each year. The queen will emerge from the ground where she spends the winter and will build a nest using chewed wood pulp. The first generation of wasps she produces consists of worker wasps who feed on nectar. She will then concentrate on laying more eggs. The worker wasps feed the larva masticated caterpillars, flies, and other residential and agricultural pests. Vegetable gardeners love these flying predator Paper Wasps since they provide free and natural pest control. Like a bee or spider, the sting can be life-threatening to those who are allergic. However, Paper Wasps usually do not attack unless they are provoked or feel threatened. Unlike the honey bee, the Paper Wasp’s stingers are smooth and can sting more than once. Running and quick movements can be mistaken as an attack on the wasp. When you encounter a Paper Wasp, raise your hands slowly to protect your face, and walk away slowly.

According to Seirian Sumner, a senior lecturer in Behavioral Biology at the University of Bristol, ‘They may be a nuisance on a sunny day – but a world without wasps would be an ecological and economic disaster.’

Photo Credit: Dan Kon

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Southeastern Blueberry Bee

Here’s something to buzz about. These Southern Blueberry Bees (Habropoda laboriosa) use a technique called “buzz pollination,” in which their buzzing allows tightly held pollen on the anthers of rabbiteye blueberries to loosen. These bees are most active in spring and are easily recognized by their large size and loud buzzing. Of course, they don’t just eat blueberry pollen. Here they are on some scarlet milkweed. You can attract these and other native bees by using native flowering plants in your landscaping. 

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Red and Black Mason Wasp

While everyone loves honeybees, wasps get a bad reputation. Although both help as pollinators, both are capable of stinging. Wasps, such as this Red and Black Mason Wasp (Pachodynerus erynnis), can usually be harmless.

Mason wasps are solitary, and unless provoked, they couldn’t care less about humans. Females will build nests made out of debris and mud. Each nest contains multiple compartments containing an egg and food source for the larvae to feed on once they hatch. Larval food consists of several garden pests such as cutworms and armyworms. Adults feed on nectar from flowers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Sweat Bee

Sweat Bees (Halictidae) are also known as Halictid Bees. They vary greatly in appearance. The majority are dull to metallic black, with the remaining species being metallic green, blue or purple. These bees do not sweat; they are attracted to human sweat. These non-aggressive Bees use the salt from human sweat for their nutritional needs. Sweat bees are important pollinators for many wildflowers and crops, including stone fruits, pears, and field crops. Halictids typically nest in bare soil located in a sunny location. Most halictids nest underground, but some will nest in rotting wood. The bees help speed the decay and decomposition of deadfall trees. In the spring or summer, the female mates. She then begins digging a nest and providing cells with pollen and nectar. Cells containing an egg or larva are lined with a waxy substance, which is extruded from a gland on the underside of the bee’s abdomen. In each cell, a single egg is laid. When the larva hatches, it eats the pollen provided. Once that is eaten, it must become self-sufficient and find its own food source. Males will usually resemble the female of the same species, but the male sweat bee does not have an area of long, dense hairs on its hind legs used for carrying pollen. They may have a yellow spot below the antennae on their face. As these bees feed on nectar and pollen, they are pollinating in the process. These technicolor bees do add a flash of brilliance to a spring garden.

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Red Velvet Ant

The Red Velvet Ant (Dasymutilla occidentalis) – the name is a bit misleading. These fuzzy little insects aren’t actually ants but rather wasps. The males have wings and can fly but are harmless. The females, however, can deliver a powerful and painful sting. Fortunately, they do not have wings and can easily be avoided. These differences in sexes are called sexual dimorphism.

These wasps create burrows in the ground that look like small holes. Chances are you have walked by the burrows without noticing.

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Thread Waisted Wasp

The Thread-Waisted Wasp (Ammophila pictipennis) is an ambush predator that will attack small worms, spiders, or other insects. It carries the prey back to the nest made out of packed dirt and stores it with its eggs. When the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the treat left by the mother. Adults are excellent pollinators and feed on the nectar from flowering plants, such as this firebush, or small insects, including those pesky aphids. They are relatively docile, but if they feel threatened will attack defensively. However, they would much rather save their energy for something they can eat.

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Southern Carpenter Bee

What could be nicer than a native pollinator and a native flower? This Southern Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa micans) is stopping by flowering pennyroyal (Piloblephis rigida). The carpenter bee is a solitary bee that lives for one year. They nest in the wood of dead trees. Like other pollinators, carpenter bees are important to the survival of many species of plants. Pennyroyal is a member of the mint family and can be found in sunny areas of sandy soil along forest edges. It can be brewed into a tea as well.

 

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